Journal: Communications Biology

Article Title: Tick saliva reprograms macrophages into immunosuppressive hubs that regulate T-cell immunity in Rhipicephalus microplus infestation

doi: 10.1038/s42003-026-09981-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Representative histograms showing the expression intensity of MHC class II on macrophages stimulated with LPS and IFN-γ in the presence or absence of Rm-saliva. B Summary of the MFI of MHC class II on macrophages. C Summary of the proportions of MHC class II⁺ on macrophages. D Representative flow cytometry plots showing co-expression of MHC class II and CD80. E Summary of the frequencies of MHC class II⁺CD80⁺ macrophages. F Representative flow cytometry plots showing co-expression of MHC class II and CD86. G Summary of the frequencies of MHC class II⁺CD86⁺ macrophages. Concentrations of CCL2 ( H ), CCL3 ( I ), CCL4 ( J ), CCL5 ( K ), CCL8 ( L ), CXCL9 (M) in culture supernatants of macrophages stimulated with LPS and IFN-γ in the presence or absence of Rm-saliva. Chemokine concentrations were generally low under unstimulated conditions, with some values falling below the assay’s detection limit. Data represent paired samples from nine individual cattle ( n = 9). * P < 0.05 (Friedman test followed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test).

Article Snippet: The concentrations of chemokines in macrophage culture supernatants were determined using the BOVINE CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL8, and CXCL9 DO-IT-YOURSELF ELISA Kits (Kingfisher Biotech).

Techniques: Expressing, Flow Cytometry